Guiseppe Garibaldi :: essays research papers

Giuseppe Garibaldi, b. Nice, France July 4, 1807, d. Caprera, Italy June 2, 1882. He was known as Italys most brilliant soldier of the Risorgimento (the Italian Unification), and one of the greatest guerrilla fighters of all time. While serving (1833-34) in the navy of the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont, he came under the influence of Giuseppe Mazzini, the prophet of Italian nationalism. He took part in an abortive republican uprising in Piedmont in 1834. Under a death sentence, he managed to escape to southern America, where he lived from 1836 to 1848. There he took part in struggles in brazil nut and helped Uruguay in its war against Argentina, commanding its small navy and, later, an Italian innkeeper at Montevideo. The warrior achieved international fame through the publicity of his elder Alexandre Dumas. Wearing his bright gaucho costume, Garibaldi returned to Italy in April 1848 to fight in its war of independence. His exploits against the Austrians in Milan and against the F rench forces encouraging Rome and the Papal States made him a national hero. Overpowered at nett in Rome, Garibaldi and his men had to retreat through central Italy in 1849. Anita, his wife and companion-in-arms, died during this retreat. Disbanding his men, Garibaldi again escaped abroad, where he lived successively in North Africa, the join States, and Peru. The "hero of two worlds" could not return to Italy until 1854. In 1859 he helped Piedmont in a new war against Austria, leading a proffer alpine force that captured Varese and Como. In May 1860, Garibaldi set out on the greatest venture of his life, the conquest of Sicily and Naples. This time he had no governmental support, scarcely Premier Cavour and King Victor Emmanuel II dared not stop the common hero. They stood ready to help, but only if he proved successful. Sailing from in force(p) Genoa on May 6 with 1,000 Red shirts, Garibaldi reached Marsala, Sicily, on May 11 and proclaimed himself dictator in the name of Victor Emmanuel. At the battle of Calatafimi (May 30) his guerrilla force defeated the regular army of the king of Naples. A popular uprising helped him capture Palermo--a brilliant success that convinced Cavour that Garibaldis volunteer army should now be secretly supported by Piedmont. Garibaldi get over the Strait of Messina on August 18-19 and in a whirlwind campaign reached Naples on September 7. On October 3-5 he fought another battle on the Volturno River, the biggest of his career.