The impact of performance management system in public sector Essay

The impact of performance management system in public sector - Essay Example Performance measurement (PM) hence is part of the new public management (NPM) model which can help the organization to reform by setting goals for improvements in efficiency and effectiveness (Kaplan, 2001). In this paper, the performance measurement system is reviewed in order to better understand the development of performance measurement system in public sector and to investigate the factors affect the improvement of organization performance that lead to a development of PM framework for public sector. To achieve this aim and objectives, a literature review of the performance measurement in private sector and the review on the performance measurement system (PMS) adoption in public organisations are conducted. Then, the review on related theories will be provided to explain the performance measurement system (PMS) problems that have occurred in the public sector. 2 LITERATURE REVIEW In implementing PMS, an organisation needs to be clear about the requirements of stakeholders, how it can improve organisation performance, and how to evaluate the effectiveness of PMSs. The main areas of research that may have a significant impact on the outcome of this study can be summarized by the following: (1) definition of PMSs; (2) the Development of PMSs; and (3) PMSs in Public Sector. However, in this paper, due to word constraint and limitation of time, the literature review will cover only a few selected areas of PMS and their impacts on public sector. However, in this paper, due to word constraint and limitation of time, the literature review will cover only a few selected areas of PMS and their impacts on public sector. 1 Performance Measurement System In order to gain in-depth understanding of performance measurement system (PMS) in public sector, an academic review of the definition of PMS and its related concepts will be critically discussed. Internationally, the general consensus of researchers in this field would define performance management as a process of ev aluating efficiency and effectiveness of organization by comparing actual results with organizational setting goals. (Brignall et al., 1991; Simons, 2000; Neely et al., 2005). According to Ferreira and Otley, (2009), PMS definition includes the uses of both formal and informal process to manage and control organisational performance. The main objective of PMS is to create continuous improvement in the organisation (Brignall, 2007; Grunberg, 2004), to encourage performance management, to identify the effectiveness of existing strategies and to act as a basis for reward process (CIMA, 1993; Neely et al., 1994). Moreover, PMS is used to evaluate satisfactions of stakeholders’ expectations (Ferreira and Otley, 2009). For PMS to succeed, the following conditions should be satisfied: the coherent between PMS and business strategy; a feedback and review of PMS; and the PMS must be comprehensive and get supported and enforced by the whole organisation (Brignall et al., 1999). 2 The D evelopment of Performance Measurement Systems An understanding of the background and development of PMS is essential to study and analyze the measurement system in the public sector. To begin with, PMS was first established in private sector business enterprises and mostly based on financial indicators to evaluate company performance. Then, according to Brignall (2007), the development of performance measures was adapted from single dimension, financial, to multi-dimension PMS, which will be discussed in the following section. 1 Performance measurements The financial dimension was considered as the most important aspect of PMS for decades as to

Should I Include the Prompt in My College Essay?

Should I Include the Prompt in My College Essay?Should I include the prompt in my college essay? If you're like most college students, the answer is a resounding 'no'. The question is basically: why bother to include the prompt at all?This is not to say that you should ignore the college essay prompt altogether. Rather, it is a fact that the majority of college students will get through their college essays without ever reading the prompts. Still, this fact alone is not enough to justify a ban on using prompts at all.The reason is that there are a number of benefits to using prompts in your college essay. The biggest of these benefits is that prompts can help you define the purpose of your essay. As I have alluded to in previous articles, the main purpose of an essay is to help a reader to understand the essence of your topic and derive the reason for your position in the topic.When a reader encounters your essay, there are a number of questions they will ask that are likely to make your college essay an exceptionally good one. Knowing the purpose of your essay helps them answer these questions by allowing you to follow the logic of your argument to its logical conclusion. This leads to greater clarity and makes the essay a much more enjoyable experience.In order to fully benefit from the use of prompts in your college essay, you should focus on identifying a few common-sense prompts that you can use throughout the essay. Avoiding any questions that do not directly relate to your topic and requiring that all of your readers to fully appreciate your point of view is one of the basic tenets of writing a well-written essay. The more questions a reader asks in your essay, the less likely they are to be able to grasp your argument in the end.Additionally, if you do not include prompts in your college essay, it is possible that some readers will feel obligated to read the essays that have prompt questions. These readers are already in the first step of the three step s in the process of developing a winning argument for yourself. By creating an atmosphere that forces them to read your college essay, you are actually forcing them to spend more time answering the prompts than you had intended to.Using prompts in your college essay may not be as great as other methods of writing a good essay. Nonetheless, it can be one of the greatest resources you can find when it comes to writing a convincing essay. Simply write your essay as you would normally and then save the prompts to an external flash drive or wherever you think would be most convenient for you.

Should Animals Be Used for Research Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Should Animals Be Used for Research - Term Paper Example Scientific breakthrough has created a healthier society and longer life expectancy. Scientists have traveled a long way of research to meet this end. Yet, the price being paid is so high because the lives of man’s friend such as dogs, cats, rabbits, monkeys, and others are being sacrificed in various animal testing and research for medical advancement. In a simpler term, we are facing a confusing thought of, â€Å"Is animal research, a ‘Blessing’ or a ‘Curse’?† Evidently, medical scientists consider animal research as a blessing. They have attained numerous achievements on developing medicines, antibiotics, medical treatments, operational procedures and even organ transplants. Dreadful diseases such as the epidemic of influenza, typhus, infantile paralysis, poliomyelitis, small pox, typhoid fever, diphtheria, measles, malaria, pneumonia and others are being controlled and treated. All of these things would not become possible without the help of animal testing and research. Let us put it this way. Let us say, that you are in a critical condition. Your life is in danger due to an illness or an epidemic. I am pretty sure that you don’t want to die, especially at this moment that your are still young. What if the only way to save your life is to sacrifice a life of a rat, or a rabbit, or maybe a monkey, for research in order to test and produce the medical treatment intended for you? If that’s the only way you can be saved from an excruciating disease and even death, would you reject the idea of animal research and prefer to die instead, just because you are against the animal research technology? Is it really worth to die than put the animal in laboratory research and suffer pain while being experimented? Or is it really worth it that animals should be sacrificed in order to save human lives? So the question is simply as, Who must be sacrificed, an animal life, or a human life? This reminds me of a situation in ancient times, during the bib le times or before Christ era. According to the bible, as attested by historical facts, people of ancient times are used to sacrifice lives of animals, particularly sheep and goats, in order to gain Gad’s favor and righteous standing before Him. So, would it be possible that even God himself consider animals research as a blessing for humankind? This is such an emotional issue for individuals who are against animals research. Probably, in their own points of view, this situation is impossible to overcome because evidently they consider animals research as a curse. Since they oppose the idea of using animals in laboratory experiments for developing possible cures to common rampant diseases due to ethical issues, would it be easy for them to stood by this principle and tell directly to the doctor that do not use the animals for laboratory test for my health benefits or for treatment of my illness? In the stance of a pro-medical technologies using animal testing, they may view t hose in the opposing side as short-minded persons or extremely fanatic and traditional. If you will watch the 3-minute video clip of the PETA organization, People for Ethical treatment of Animals, regarding their anti-animal testing stand in the you tube, with a video URL link of http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0QRBcHIIsXc you might find them quite reasonable in their points of view. You might find this video as heart-stirring in behalf of the lives of animals being sacrificed in animal laboratory research. You will surely understand the ethical issues that they want to point out and willing to fight for. It is true, like humans, how animals

Should College Essay Be Free of Errors?

Should College Essay Be Free of Errors?Should college essay be free of errors? After doing a lot of research, I can say that you definitely should not accept every claim, or website that will promise that your essays are error free, though it is true that there are websites that guarantee you errors free.Some of these websites just fill up the spot where the website wants to give the student's work in a better position. These websites work only in a physical sense, whereas if you are not checking the background of the website, then it will not be so much of a problem.There are times that you can find websites that can be trusted, for you should accept any guarantee that your college essay would be error free. In such cases, you will definitely get the right answer. Though there are people who doubt the fact of such websites working, there are thousands of satisfied students who have worked for them. They can verify the truthfulness of the website before they decide to give them the a ttention that they deserve.However, you can still get a guarantee of your college essay that will surely be accepted. There are several websites that have perfect scores with the mistakes that students make on their essays. This means that these sites are the one that are not working in a physical sense, while the others can be accepted if they only have some minor flaws. You should take the time to see these flaws first and then choose the best website that will give you the correct college essay answer.There are websites that have already mastered writing college essays, and there are also websites that offer help to writing essays. However, it will not be necessary to make an extensive research to know the types of errors that your essays will have. It is best that you trust only the websites that have thousands of satisfied students, since those are the ones that can guarantee you essays free of errors. There are different types of essay, and the type of writing will depend on t he theme that you have. The subject of your essay will decide the type of essay that you need to write, and the correct essay will require the right topic.You can never get the best results for writing college essays if you don't have the experience of writing essays. The easiest way to write a college essay is to find the perfect essay template that fits your topic. In this case, you should only think of one. You should take the time to find the perfect college essay templates that can work for the topic that you have selected.

The Ultimate Guide to Preparing for Gre Essay Writing

The Ultimate Guide to Preparing for Gre Essay Writing The GRE strategy session is a handy guide if you are not certain how to begin your GRE preparation. For many of the colleges, GRE is simply a parameter for elimination. Not only do you have to read through GRE sample essays, but you should also look for topics on which you may write GRE sample essays yourself and have them evaluated. The issue essay in GRE needs an adequate amount of prep before the actual test. The writing sample is a far lower priority than GRE prep, therefore we recommend that you jump ahead to the GRE class. If writing essays isn't your forte, then you must sit up and take stock of the sum of preparation you are going to need for getting an excellent score in the Analytical Writing test section of the GRE. Facing the challenging Kaplan test can help you master the actual GRE exam. Manhattan prep GRE vocabulary flashcards are among the greatest in the marketplace. The GRE opens the door for a whole lot of graduate schools. Manhattan Review's internet GRE practice tests are made to imitate the appearance and feel of the true exam. So, not you'll be taking different measures to master the very best GRE score, but you are going to be building a few important skills for graduate school and maybe even life. Finding Preparing for Gre Essay Writing Substance matters more than every other element in regards to your essays. You are going to get a personalized score repor t highlighting your strengths and regions of improvement. So, it's rather safe to say that the AWA score is a significant enough component in regards to admissions. Or, to truly get a feeling of the way the scores work, have a peek at a number of sample essays. The Fight Against Preparing for Gre Essay Writing The 2nd essay would be regarding the argument analysis. In the issue essay, you will be supplied a topic that's debatable. One of the absolute most important features about a compelling essay is its capacity to convince the reader by way of sound logical reasoning. In the end, the author should answer the above mentioned questions to strengthen the argument. There are scores and scores of mock essays on the web, and with a very simple google search, you can get access to different essays for the GRE. There are quite a lot of websites which can help you in evaluating your essays and also in supplying you with useful GRE sample essays. Think of the piles and stacks of essays that you may have to read. The very first point to do before you get started searching for GRE sample essays is to comprehend what the Analytical Writing test section is about. The essays have to be written in view of the provided instructions. Organizing the data in grid form will make it far simpler for you to observe the relative strengths and weaknesses of each selection. In essence you're interpreting the info. You merely must be in a position to be comfortable with a couple examples, and be sure you can effectively relate them to your analysis. Preparing for Gre Essay Writing - the Conspiracy There is, in addition, the dilemma of grammar. So, it's safe to say that should you write no less than a few sentences in English, you will receive a score of 1.0. Between grammar and fashion, grammar is significantly simpler to improve. Students who struggle with grammar and spelling should have a writing-intensive course to enhance their score. The Benefits of Prepar ing for Gre Essay Writing Passport information is going to be needed for the registration to GRE online. For verbal it's very very important. It's also important to make sure that you do the tests around the time which you will be giving the GRE, in order for your body and mind are prepared to be alert 8am, 10am, or whatever slot you'll be booking. Make time to proofread your essay, as soon as you finish writing it. You will need the follow these steps for writing lots of practice essays and you'll understand that your thought method is really developing in the exact same. To practice writing awa essays all you will need to do is. At that stage, you can begin writing full length practice essays. After finishing a practice GRE, students may consider the outcomes of the test to obtain insight on what skills they should improve. A comprehensive study guide which designed to help they get their bearings at the start of their GRE preparation. Complete a Practice Exam Students t hat are thinking about how to get started studying for the GRE sometimes takes a step in the proper direction by completing a practice test. As you see, you have a whole lot of GRE preparation resources out there at no cost. You have to be knowing about the exam named GRE if you're planning to do studies in abroad countries. Bear in mind, however, that the scenario you will notice on your exam will be a lot less familiar to you. If you would like to take the GRE General Exam, you will want to establish an account online, pay the mandatory fees and register for the exam you want to take. Choosing Good Preparing for Gre Essay Writing After all, the GRE Issue isn't a test of knowledge as much since it is a test of how it is possible to use knowledge however restricted to back your position. It ought to be less difficult to comprehend what you would like to convey. Test takers throughout the world believe they can easily master AWA in a day or two. The Bizarre Secret of Preparing for Gre Essay Writing Different admission officers of unique programmes have a tendency to evaluate students on various scales, making it tr icky to fathom for students about what's a superb GRE score. GRE exam takers are in the habit of surprising the students at the previous movement. 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How to Find Sport and Exercise Research Papers Online

How to Find Sport and Exercise Research Papers Online Exercising regularly will reduce the LDL cholesterol level in the human body and raises the HDL cholesterol. Exercise will also assist in improvement of both oxygen level and the flow of blood in your entire body. Exercising daily will assist you in boosting your muscle strength. Balance, and gait, improved. The Benefits of Sport and Exercise Research Papers Fitting regular exercise into your everyday schedule may appear difficult at first. Don't neglect to reference where relevant. What Is So Fascinating About Sport and Exercise Research Papers? Sports betting and its negative influence on the society. It's a superior topic to write if you're focused on injuries and health. Nevertheless, a bit of guidance and research are sure to help you better understand this alternate medication. It is beginning to reveal how it reconditions the underlying brain circuits. Different types of tests utilized for doping control. Physical activity is a significant portion of your weight management program. Following that, you will analyze that content to discover what aspects ensure it is perfect. The Chronicles of Sport and Exercise Research Papers Perhaps there's a specific health issue that interests you and that drew you to go into the profession for which you're studying. A. My studies have shown me that we can do a lot for those who have diabetes outside the typical hospital or clinical visit. By continually striving to supply the most current, leading-edge, and scientifically verified wellness and physical fitness research, our hope is that we're able to supply our users with a comprehensive, understandable, and simple-to-implement strategy to achieving all their private wellness and physical fitness targets. The excellent news is you don't need to train like an Olympic athlete to enjoy the advantages of a wholesome lifestyle. What You Don't Know About Sport and Exercise Research Papers Adhering to this logic, if you desire to understand the benefits of a wholesome way of life, you've got to repeat some healthful pattern as part of your daily or weekly activities, some patterns like eating right and exercising. Whether you're an individual which has not been physically active for many years, a professional athlete, or a fitness expert, our hope is that you'll find the info on the website informative, educational, practical, and relevant to your personal physical fitness objectives. In my private opinion, the only significant benefit of exercising in the gym is the simple fact that you gain from an authorized staff. It's also worth thinking about just what the author's intention was in the very first spot. Absolutely free onli ne courses Enrolling in free on-line courses will supply you with the chance to examine literature particularly when the topic touches on theories or research findings that back up recommended practices. To approach the paper with at least anxiety, you should select a topic that you are feeling comfortable writing about, and one which you're confident you can grasp the appropriate scholarship on. To discover more concerning the topic that you made a decision to pursue in your research paper, a superior review of literature can help you narrow it down in addition to point out the gaps in knowledge. Looking for the best research paper topic about sports psychology can be a complicated issue to do, particularly if your deadlines are approaching. At this time you're prepared to proceed! With time, you might be in a position to engage in more strenuous pursuits. Sporting activities have existed for many millenniums. Reducing sedentary time is an excellent strategy to boost activity by undertaking frequent, less strenuous pursuits. The easiest type of activity is frequently the best. A particular kind of musculoskeletal injury could possibly be common in athletes in X sport.