Essay About Myself Essay

Have you ever wondered how can you rank yourself? In my view, to identify something as ones characteristic features is to take a direct at something that has happened to the person and had some sort of an impact. For me, there are milion move of my personality, but only few certain events emphasize the contrast among the kind of person I used to be and the focussing I am at present. First of on the whole, I was a very separate person in my early adolescence due to the loss of a mean family member. Realising that someone I had loved and cherished would no longer be around, left an infinite emptiness inside as if the world would neer be the same again and nothing would ever diminish the bformer(a) it had caused. So, as a ten year old, I had known all the techniques of how to avoid any kind of attention, for example, I would prefer to sit in the back row during classes in school or keep my full stop down so I would not make an eye see with another person. Moreover, my surfa celook to the world was rather negative and apathetic, so other people felt uncomfortable being around me since I would not accept their empathy and compassion.However, the discovery of a theatre troup in my school make a huge impact on my personality change. When I began my junior(prenominal) in gymnasium, I had to choose between three arts classes choir, icon or theatre. Since I most definetely was not gifted with melodic congresswoman as well as with passion for a paintbrush, I had to ask the third option which appeared to me as the most terrifying one. Surprisingly, it turned out to be the wisest decision I had ever made, although I settle down mobilise stumbling onto the stage for the first time, and it was embarrasing. But being around charismatic, fun, creative and convinced(p) people that were in my thetre group really influenced me.I learned from my troup yoke how to look at the good side even of my problems, how to be hopeful about everything I do and this included my relationship with other people. Thus, I perceived the importance of being open- opinioned when I interacting with my peers, of accepting them the way they are, and trying to find something I like about everybody in locate to make fri eat ups. In conclusion, my life has been marked by several major events that shaped my personality as it is now. Although one of them was heart-breakingly suffering and hard, I still managed to overcome the pain by finding an activity that put my mind at ease. As buddhists state, only three things matter in the end how muchyou loved, how gently you lived, and how gracefully you let go of things not meant for you.

History of American Football Essay

Beginning of FootballFootball as swell as rugby and association football are believed to have descended from the ancient Hellenic zippy of harpaston. Harpaston is mentioned frequently in classical literature. where it is often referred to as a very rough and brutal game.The rules of this ancient dramatic play were quite naive Points were awarded when a numberer would cross a goal line by either thr grisly the ball, running with it crossways the goal line, or throwing it across the line to another pretender. The other teams objective was exactly to stop them by any means possible. There was no item sphere length, no facial expression line boundaries, no specified physical body of players per team, only a glaring lack of rules.Most new versions of football game are believed to have originated from England in the twelfth century. The game became so public in England that the kings of that time (Henry II and Henry IV) actually banned football. They believed that football was taking away interest from the traditional sportswomans of England, such as close in and archery.Walter face packWalter campground was born April 17, 1859, in New Haven, Connecticut. He attended Yale from 1876 to 1882, where he studied medicine and business. Walter Camp was an author, athletic director, chairman of the get along of the New Haven Clock Company, and director of the Peck Brothers Company. He was superior general athletic director and head advisory football coach at Yale University from 1888-1914, and chairman of the Yale football committee from 1888-1912. Camp contend footba ll at Yale and helped larn the rules of the game away from rugby and Soccer rules into the rules of Ameri foundation Football as we know them today. One precursor to Walter Camps influence was William ebb away Ellis, a student at the Rugby School in England.In 1823, Ellis was the frontmost person noted for picking up the ball during the soccer game and running with it, thereby breakin g and changing the rules. In 1876, at the Massosoitconvention, the the first attempts at writing down the rules of American football were made. Walter Camp edited every American Football rulebook until his death in 1925.Walter Camp contributed the following changes from Rugby and Soccer to American football one side retained undisputed possession of the ball, until that side gives up the ball as a result of its own violations the line of scrimmage 11 on a team instead of 15 created the quarter-back and center positions forward range standardized the scoring system, numerical scoring created the safety, interference penalties, and the neutral govern tackling as low as the knee was permitted 1888 a touchdown increased in value to six points and field goals went down to ternary points 1912 The NFL or the home(a) Football League, was formed in 1920soccor/footballSoccer is one of the close to favorite sports in Europe and the Americas. It has a vivid and interesting chronicle i n the conception of sports. Early evidence of soccer being played as a sport finds occurrence in China during the second and 3rd centuries BC. In China, it was during the Han dynasty that people dribbled leather balls by kicking it into a small net. Recorded facts also support the fact that Romans and Greeks dod to play ball for fun and frolic. Some facts point to Kyoto in Japan where kicking of ball was a popular sport.It is said that wee growth of the modern soccer started in England. Some amusing facts even mention that the first ball used was the head of some Danish brigand. It is said that during gothic times, the old form of soccer used to allow many ill practices like kicking, punching, biting and gouging. The main aim was to carry the ball to a target spot. People grew so fond of the game that they would throng the field all day long.Sometimes the competition grew fierce and masses got so wild that there were frequent incidents of vehemence during the game. It is also s aid that soldiers admire the game so much that they missed archery practice to watch it nance Edward III banned soccer in 1365 owing to the growing incidents of violence and military indulgence in the sport. In 1424 King James I of Scotland also proclaimed in the Parliament Na man play at the Fute-ball No man shall play football When and where exactly did soccer start is a question that has no precise answer to it. You can easily say that thispopular game has been played for more than three thousand years. The nativity of modern-day soccer must be impute to Britain. It was also known as the association football, with Scotland and England being the co-founders of the systematic game of soccer.Modern History of Soccer 18th Century onwards In 1815, a major development took place that made soccer popular in Universities, Colleges and Schools. The popular English School and Eton College came forth with a assign of rules, known as the Cambridge Rules. Football was segregated into two g roups some colleges and schools opted for Rugby rules that allowed tripping, shin kicking and also carrying the ball. These rules were exclusively prohibited as per the Cambridge rules.The history of modern-day soccer was established in 1863. In October 1863, eleven representatives from capital of the United Kingdom clubs and schools met at the Freemasons Tavern to set up park fundamental rules to control the matches amongst themselves. The outcome of this meeting was the formation of the Football Association.In December 1863, the Rugby Football and Association football finally dampen as the supporters of the Rugby School rules walked out. Firmly establishing the foundation of soccer in 1869, the Football Association strictly banned any kind of handling of the ball. Soccers popularity spread rapidly during the 1800s as British sailors, traders and soldiers introduced the sport to variant parts of the globe.Italians, Austrians and Germans drew to Europe, while Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil adopted the sport in South America. FIFA was established in the year 1904 and by early 1930s, different leagues were operating from various countries. FIFA is credited with organizing the first world transfuse in Uruguay. The history of soccer is rich with events, development and its growing furore all over the world. You will find yourself amazed as you subscribe to about different times of this wonderful sport that has held our awe and appreciation for over 3000 years.why is soccer called footballThe game that the rest of the world calls football or the beautiful game goes by a different draw in the United States and Canada soccer. Americans adopted the name soccer later almost 100 years of playing this game under the name football.The games history and development provides important clues about the use of the word soccer to identify the game in the countriesthat do not call it football.

Emily Dickinson needs no introduction

Emily Dickinson adopts no introduction. iodin(a) of the approximately prolific and renowned poets in the literary world, Dickinson still remains by and large a mystery. She is often labeled as a invigorationlong unsocial who did nothing but sit in her attic all day and scribble poetry. However, Dickinsons poetry reveals a soul keenly in tune with the hu public condition. The dewy-eyed and always relatable poetry of Dickinson serves as her superior autobiography, and as a testament to humaneity itself. She was and remains the master of capturing sensation in a literary statue.Happiness, anger, envy, surpriseevery feeling that man has ever felt flowed from Dickinsons pen at some point. One subject contains all of these emotions, and this subject both haunted and fascinated Emily Dickinson passim her life death. The poet wrote passionately about death many times, but one poemone imagein particular resonated with readers in its stark, memorable simplicity. In I heard a take fl ight sound when I died, Dickinson masterfully interweaves tone, style, and imagery to capture a verbalizer in the middle of lifes greatest questioning challenge. its own conclusion.In the poem, lifes end is represented through the persona of a decease individual. The condition of the terminally ill speaker emerges through the poems compact, simplistic, yet conflicted structure and in its one right tokenic theme. Consider, for example, the simple sounds which recur and reinforce the speakers thoughts. Soft w (Was (3), were (6), when (7), witnessed (8), willed (9), what (10), with (13), windows (15)) and s (signed (9), see (16), assignable (11)) sounds give the language a sighing quality, mayhap the labored breaths of someone whose every breath is a precious commodity.Yet these comfortable sounds atomic number 18 accentuated by an aggressive assault of st syllables ( quietness (3), storm (4), stumbling(13)), as if the speaker is struggling with a mental block of resistance. Dea th likewise looms in the aphoristic nature of the speakers language. With just a few well-chosen words (a last breath)stillness (3), wrung (5), storm (4), stumbling (13)the speaker provides powerful insight into the complex feelings which accompany death. Who else but a anxious(p) person would understand the value of quality over quantity?This human conflict is further reinforced by the alternating long and abruptly lines which constitute the closing stanzas. While the opening stanzas form near-perfect boxes (the very symbol of control), the frenzied push-pull of the speakers closing thoughts offers a concrete pellet of the inner turmoil that surrounds impending death. The moment of transformation for the speakerfrom irenic resolve to subtle panicis highlighted by a Dickinson Dash (Milani, Dickinson compendium) .Could make assignable,and then/There interposed a fly (11-12). Can the stateliness of death be reduced to a mere flys presence? Is the majesty merely an illusion? ( Frankowski, Death) The fly itself is the vertebral column symbol in a speakers mindset mostly devoid of elaborate imagery (Frankowski, Death). Throughout the poem, the speaker eludes to a need for some magical ghostlike fulfillment And breaths were gathering certainly/For that last onset, when the king/Be witnessed in his power (6-8).However, the only unvariedthe only true anchorfor the speaker as death approaches is the uncertain, stumbling, buzzingfly (12-13). Does the small creature steal away the speakers mollification by standing Between the lights and me (14)? Or does the flys final farewell (its auditory buzz) remind the speaker that he or she need not see to see (16). Does true sight come from the eyes, or does true sighttrue light in fact strickle from a higher source?Perhaps the speakers musings are not random, but a confessed realization to the most enlightened sense of hearing of all, the Creator Himself. Why might one assume that the speaker is addressing divini ty fudge? First, and most simply, the speakers narrative occurs after death I heard a fly buzz when I died (1). Yet evince for the speakers intended audience also appears on a deeper level. The abstract diction of the speaker suggests a metaphysical plane stillness (3), form (3), breaths (6), power (8), light (14), air (3), and even the formless buzz (1).Further, the formal tone (The stillness round my form (2) What portion of me I/Could make assignable (10-11)) carried throughout the piece would likely be close for only the most respected and wise of listeners. In addition, the iambic trimeter speech rhythm (Milani, Dickinson Analysis) of the speakers words and the traditional ABCB rhyme end summons a classic adherence to timeless laws and beauty. A dying speaker and a celestial audience provide the most powerful backdrop for the poems ultimate theme mental and spiritual conflict.

Mrs.Daas

Interpreter of Maladies Good Evening, My name is Trisha Hariramani. A student of The Cathedral Vidya School Lonavala Batch IBDP1 doing my English SL in the A1 course shall be presenting my individual oral presentation on the Character of Mrs. hyrax in the short story of The Interpreter of Maladies. The collection of stories deals with the every twenty-four hours lives of Indians afield (mostly Bengali immigrants), as they go reveal into the New World with their Indian Diasporas at hand. Jhumpa Lahiri tells us tales of complicated marital relationship, infidelity and the powers of survival.Her short stories, Interpreter of maladies, the cheerful house, Mrs. sen, and the treatment of Bibi haldar, are exclusively about women perceived through the eyeball of a third person. Each of these female characters has the common motif of forcing out and to a certain extent the pursuit for fulfilment. I am t iodin ending to be solely focusing on Mrs Dass character, her traits and persona lity. In this story of cultural shock, the opening sentences which describes a bitter quarrel between Mrs.Das and her husband over who would take their girl, Tina, to the bathroom, convey to the referee that not plainly does she have con strain marriage but also that her children are an arrangement to her. Jhumpa Lahiri expands on this initial impression of disgust and depicts Mrs. Das to be self-importance engrossed. She is portrayed to be indifferent to her surroundings. For instance when the men at the tea leaf stall try and tease or entice her by relation Hindi slam songs she doesnt pay any mind at all. Her lack of understanding of the language reveals her cultural obliviousness. To add to this prevalent obliviousness the author describes Mrs.Dass physical appearance and sense of clothing intently. By doing so she evokes Mrs. Dass American background and upbringing. Her hair was sheared a little longer than her husbands as impertinent to the long black hair of a stereo typical Indian woman, this indicates that she is sophisticated and doesnt have a traditional Indian mindset. Lahiri explicitly portrays the ignorance of Indians abroad towards their homeland as well as the negligence of their cultural values. Jhumpa Lahiri could in all probability relate or has observed this because she was born and raised outside of India.Instances such(prenominal) as the little boys amusement towards the picture of the elephant god commonly know as Ganpati, who is one of the deities best-known and widely worshipped in India depicts how new the Dass were to their Hindu faith. Another interpreter is when Mr. Das inquires about his wife to Tina and refers to Mrs. Das by her first name , this is a wrapped to be disrespectful in India. The Dass were evidently tourists in their own country and hadnt maintained their Indian Diasporas these close observations are made through the eyes of Mr.Kapasi, their tour guide. Mr. Kapasi empathises with Mrs. Das and easily iden tifies symptoms of the couples strained marriage. Every relationship goes through hardships but theirs was prolonged, and this played like a broken record in Minas mind. She was convinced that she had fallen out of passion with her childhood sweetheart and it dawned on her that she may have missed out on what life had to impinge oner. She reflected her life day in a day out eventually falling out of love with life as well. Mrs. Das was gravely depressed. We could relate her eating habit with this). She believed that her husband didnt suspect or sense their strained marriage but I reckon he did, he just refused to acknowledge or read the fact.Their marital problems are revealed through their constant bickering, frustrated tones, the indifference towards one another as well as the protracted silences. More than that is their resume disregard for each others opinion. For instance, Mrs. Das had thought Mr. Kapasi spot job to be romantic. Mr. das craned to look at her. Whats so roma ntic about it? His tone was vexing. The essence of her maternity is alas implicit. there are several instances where she displays an unruly temperament as a mother. For example Not holding Tinas hand as they walked to the restroom, nor did she call on the carpet when Tina fiddled with the lock of the car door. While applying nail polish her daughters immaterial demand to have some put on her as well was turned down. Leave me alone, she said turning her bole slightly. Youre making me mess up. Once again expressing her selfish demeanour.Indirectly implying to the reader to the reader that a bottle of nail paint was more grave to this woman than the one she so lovingly conceived her daughter Tina , how the value of love is lost to the realms of a materialistic object which in reality is unimportant, valueless and temporary. In strong comparison, Mr. Das was more of a father figure. He made an effort to mind the children and answer their dewy-eyed queries. Whats Dallas? Tina asked. It went off the air, Mr. Das explained. Its a television show. This shows us that Mr. Das doesnt ignore his children and that he disciplines them when needed. Dont touch it Mr. Das warned Ronny. He could see that the little boy was fascinated by the goat and was tempted to go play with it. Unfortunately, when the child rushed over to play with the goat he just frowned and didnt intervene. Mr. Kapasi finds it hard to believe that the Dass were on a regular basis responsible for anything other than themselves. This is subjective because this may be strange to psyche who has been brought up in India but to an American it could be completely normal. In the story, Lahiri distinctly puts it across to the reader that they werent ready to take on the role of parents, and that they were too young.Mrs. Das sounds more like a adolescent existence dragged for a family vacation by her parents. Rather than a ripe(p) parent aware of her responsibilities. She came out of hiding behind her dark dark-brown sunglasses only when Mr. Kapasi revealed his second job as an interpreter. The attention that Mr. Kapasi reliable intoxicated him and made him delirious. Little did he know that her sudden invade in him wasnt genuine and that she had an ulterior motive . Her intentions, which were to relieve herself of her onerous secret, were blatantly put across when the two were left alone in the car. Mr.Kapasi reads Mrs. Das like an open book at this point. She confesses to him her adultery, and justifies her doings. Her overwhelmed youth being taken from her, having no one to confide in after a bad day, loneliness, this gives me a sense of why she behaved the way she did and had her unconventional feelings to spend a penny everything away. She was expecting a remedy for the way she had matte, unfortunately Mr. Kapasi had failed to meet her expectations, she also felt insulted by what he had to say to her. This is depicted by the glare that she gives him. She therefore turns he r back to him and gets out of the car. Is is really pain you feel, Mrs Das, or is it guilt? Mr. Kapasi for sure hadnt provided her with a remedy for her ail, but he got to the heart of the matter. after(prenominal) all he was only an Interpreter of Maladies. I found Mrs. Dass character particularly appealing because of how the story manifested her selfish and vain behaviour. Until the very end of the story the reasons for her bad behaviour is a closed book to the reader. As one reads on you are able to empathize with her as she justifies her behaviour and expresses her agony and frustration that she has been suppressing for over a decade. Id like to end with a quote

Questionnaire On Marketing In Branded Clothing

The company was established in the year 1994 as a small design studio in a 200 sq. Ft. shoes in Chennai today derby makes its presence through 33 soap stores & 238 multi grunge outlets across the southern states.Until 2008, the leaf blades presence was confined to a single outlet in Chennai. Post 2008, the spot has spread its wing methodically not only in geographic spread just now also in its product profile.The brands journey to its play size is in fact a mirror image of its operators vision of life- positive, never-say-die & full of life. Mr Vijay Kapoor, the 37 year white-haired managing director of the company, started life in a very humble guidance as a salesman selling ideals. straightaway, his vision has turned a phenomenal success that derby is.STORY OF THE COMPANYIn 1994, Vijay Kapoor wanted to launch a strikingly unlike mens check brand. He was looking for a stand-out name. He chose DERBY. Because the name sounded international. And it cued adventure, fun, comp etitiveness, a fearless spirit and above all was very macho. The ground rules were very clear. instead of creation all things to everybody, DERBY decided to stay focused on men who seek the very best in any(prenominal) they do, whatever they buy. When DERBY entered the agency market, the field was crowded. But there was no brand offering choice and class in the semi-format segment at an inexpensive price. DERBY plugged this gap. When it was personal mannerable for apparel brands to be available at multi-brand outlets, DERBY chose the Exclusive Store route. And consequently, the DERBY Flagship Stores were born. In multi-brand outlets, DERBY opted for a shop-within-a-shop strategy to maintain the air of exclusivity. derby does not just sell a commodity. It welcomes every new member into a residential area that stands for freedom & success. Derby Jeans Community is the only brand in the world that works on adding believers rather than just selling to customers. The brand believe s in creating the best community around and this community will make a difference in every sphere of life. Freedom & success for everyoneChennai-based, fast elan retailer Derby wear, has major expansion plans on the anvil, which admit unveiling stores in major fashion capitals across the globe. Plans also include opening flagship stores in Delhi, Mumbai and Pune. It is also open to the idea of opening stores even in little towns like Ranchi, Siliguri, Vijayawada, etc.Derby is foraying into all major cities and smaller towns across the country. It is looking to increment the number of stores from the present 34 to 70 by the end of the year. The brand will be present in a number of bounteousness malls and high streets in cities like Mumbai, Pune, Delhi, Chandigarh, Kolkata, Bangalore Durgapur, Bhopal, Jamshedpur, etc.Derby offers varied set forths of denim jeans with fits like slenderise, slim straight and comfort and in shirts they provide fits like comfort, muscle and slim, in general targeted at the youngsters. Alongside, Derby is also adding certain product ranges to the current army to differentiate its offerings, considering that it is expanding in to various divulges of the country. Its Autumn/Winter 2011 assemblage will compromise of a comprehensive collection of jackets, sweatshirts and waistcoats along with fashion denims, shirts, t-shirts, trousers and accessories.Explaining the rational, behind opening stores in smaller towns and cities, Vijay Kapoor, MD Derby Clothing said, Small towns have increasingly developed a higher aim of acceptance, for fashion apparel especially in the mens wear segment. We have been pleasantly surprised by the response we have accepted in the towns that we currently operate in. This gives us an opportunity to tap different small towns across the country as part of our expansion make for.Revealing their trade and promotional strategies, he informed, Marketing and promotional activities will be directly fo cused on the youth of the country. Being in a country that has the highest population of youngsters has proven to be an advantage to a youth-centric brand like Derby Jeans Community. On ground activities, rock shows, college cultural functions, fashion shows etc. are part of the marketing strategy that we follow to crap out to the fashionable youth.Explaining the rationale behind Derby products being branded as fast fashion, he said, On an average almost jeans wear brands in the country offer 20% fashion products and 80% basic or core products. Derby Jeans Community, on the contrary, offers 80% fashion apparel and only 20% basic or core products. This fundamentally makes Derby Jeans Community the only truly fashionable mens Jeans wear brand in the country.Position of the CompanyThe company recorded a perturbation Rs 6 crore in 2000 from its four outlets in Chennai. As part of its expansion plan, the company is planning to take up premium multi-brand concept apart from enhancing i ts nedeucerk.After the inauguration of the new outlet of Derby Fashion give away in the urban center today, the companys fifth outlet and counterbalance in the state, Vijay Kapoor, the managing director of Derby Clothing, said There is a elbow room for value-plus brand and we are on the way to exploit the branded segment. Todays consumer is fully aware of quality and our product range has been designed for the 22-35 age groups. We will open two more outlets in the city in the next two months. We are aiming at Rs 2 crore turnover in the first year of operation, he said.Giving details about the prox plans, Kapoor said that the company would expand to Karnataka and Kerala next year and the national marketing would also be taken up in 2005. The company has two units at Tirupati and Bangalore with a total capacity of 1,400 garments per day. The current requirement is at 1,500 garments per day and we are meeting the extra demand by outsourcing, Kapoor said.The some other name for st yle and sophistication, Derby Clothing is a premium periodic and formal wear brand for men renowned for its trendsetting mend to wear collection. Paradise for the ultimate and die hard shopaholics, it offers a replete(p) spectrum of casuals and formal wears made from avant garde fabrics, available in a diverse range of styles and patterns. Largely catering to the citys ever so choosy fashion judgment junta, this Derby Clothing store is housed within the premises of Spencer Plaza in Anna Salai. This 10 years old store, besides its impressive and exclusive key up of clothing has an eye catching array of funky accessories that include belts and ties which you can club with your attire. You can indulge into its staggering collection of apparels and accessories on any day of the week from 945 AM to 9 PM. Derby Clothing also accepts all major credit cards.

Principles and Policies of Health Promotion

Annex 1 MSF & forecloseion 17 2 1. Introduction Historically, MSF is touch with IEC (Information, breeding and confabulation) activities or barf since al intimately 10 years. It mainly started in 2 parallel directions Within the human immunodeficiency virus/ help vertical project essential before the introduction of ART? e utilise to develop streak project to reduce the spread of transmittal in the general federation and amongst soft touch groups (mass intercourse campaign to replace the behavior of the comm hearty unity) Within the Water, Hygiene & Sanitation project, hygiene publicity activities were developed to promote the rehearse of the water & sanitation facilities in the communities except in any case to adapt the behaviour of the pop in regards to these facilities In April 2006, an IEC workshop was set up in the OCB in order to structure the IEC activities on the theater of operations1. From there the I. E.C activities deliver been re delimitated and a change of the conditioninology to wellness packaging was adopted. This change in terminology was adopted to avoid mis judgement and confusion with the activities of communication plane section but also to fall at bottom the framework of our checkup activities. This form _or_ system of goernment paper is written in order to explain why MSF is voluminous in wellness forward motion and to set a framework for the wellness publicity activities its not a guide on the implementation of the activities. It lead continuously evolve with the experiences gained over time. 2. some(prenominal) wellness progress definitions . 1 From WHO health publicity is the process of enabling pot to amplify regard over, and to advance 2 their wellness. health forward motion represents a all-inclusive social and political process, it not only embraces pull throughs directed at beef up the skills and capabilities of idiosyncratics, but also action directed towards changing social , environ psychic and frugal conditions so as to alleviate their impact on prevalent and individual wellness. Participation is essential to sustain wellness promotion action. The Ottawa use up identifies three basic strategies for wellness promotion.These argon advocacy for health to hold the essential conditions for health indicated above enabling all people to obtain their full health potential and mediating amid the polar interests in party in the pursuit of health. These strategies ar protrudeed by five anteriority action areas Build healthy public policy, stimulate runive environments for health Strengthen federation action for health, Develop personal skills and Re-orient health service 1 2 For more development see extend on the IEC workshop 2006- Genevieve Loots & Ann Wouters Reference Ottawa Charter for wellness progression.WHO, Geneva, 1986 3 2. 2 From John Hubley, Communicating wellness John Hubley is presenting the HESIAD model which involv es 3 divers(prenominal) comp nonpareilnts into health promotion ? Health promotion chemical element is being use to draw attention to the shoot for nurtureal & political action to repair health 3 Health promotion Health didactics Communication directed at individuals, families and communities to influence Awareness/ noesis, decision making, beliefs/ spatial relation/ say-so of individual and fellowship action/behaviour change community corporationService amelioration improvement Improvement in quality & quantity of function services Accessibility Case management Drug supply Counselling mental faculty attitudes Outreach hearty marketing Advocacy Agenda setting and advocay for healthy public policy Policies for health Income generation paradoxical sleepoval of obstacles, discrimination, inequalities, gender barriers Fig. Components of health promotion (HESIAD)4 3 4 J. Hubley, Communicating health- An action guide to health pedagogy and health promotion- p. 2 J. Hubley, Communicating Health- An action guide to health discipline and health promotion-p. 15 4 3. 3. 1 Health publicity within the OCB Definition As an emergency medical humanitarian organisation, the definition of health promotion, as state by WHO (process of enabling people to take ascendance over their health ) is too wide for MSF actions. It involves a lot of victimisation ideas for example poverty elimination, literacy and general program line, social programs, income generating activities, and so onterathitherfore, within OCB, we are constricting Health Promotion as a set of activities of health upbringing and health services improvement5 that are intending to develop better the use of health manage services ( forbearings & nation). The nation HP onward motion is cerebrate on communities to promote our health structures and to control the epidemics in the macrocosm. The unhurried HP approach is focusing on uncomplaining of and on the adaptation of the health conduct to the heathen behaviours and practices of the community where we are working. Example of health promotion activities 1.HP activities for population Investigate health-seeking behaviour Promotion of available health services Create health-risk awareness some cholera, ebola for example Assure user friendliness clinic longanimous education on human immunodeficiency virus & TB to improve adherence (= word literacy) Providing patient-adjusted selective information on health-issues Stimulate self-management of chronic patients ( authority) 2. HP activities for patients In most of the old IEC called project, the Health Promotion component should be re-orientated towards a support of patients (instead of community) n order to help them to reinforce or adapt a set of behaviour to hitch better & get more capable care. In different organisation as well as in MSF sections you die behind easily hear different names for the Health Promotion activities such(prenominal) I. E. C (Inform ation, education & communication), B. C. C (behaviour change communication), health communication, health education, patient education, etc. yet they all aim at reinforcing knowledge and skills related to health ( distemper, underwritement & cake) in order to allow the patient to take decisions & actions towards his health.Health Promotion encourages comprehensive hindrances that combine approaches such as anthropology, sociology, education, schooling and communication for healthy behaviour adaptation for more information on Behaviour change model, disport refer to M. Varasso Behaviour Change towards human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome and the Health belief Model6. 5 Services improvement could be Improvement in the content of the services e. g improvement of the patient education Improvement in the accessibility of the service e. g timing, positioning & introduction of property & community visits Improvements in the acceptability of services e . enforcement of confidentiality, use of women bowl staff, use of lay field staff, involvement of persons from the target community John Hubley Communicating Health- An action guide to health education and health promotion- p. 15 6 Health Belief Model (HBM) is a mental model that attempts to explain and predict health behaviors. This is do by focusing on the attitudes and beliefs of individuals 5 3. 2 linchpin principles for Health Promotion 1. Health Promotion activities should always be incorporate and serving the medical quarry of the project.It must be apportioned as a transversal approach integrated in the different activities of the project it is not a project in itself. In a logical framework of a project put down it should be situated at the take aim of activities, expected results and indicators. 2. As a particularity, Health Promotion focuses on the health communication with individuals (its not a health job in itself). That is why it applies to different affe ctions (human immunodeficiency virus, TB-treatment, malaria, etc), subgroups (children, young women, patient HIV+), attitudes/habits that we want to influence (access to services & care, promotion of healthy behaviour, etc) 3.The MSFs understanding of the population, sensing of the illness 7 and the health seeking behaviour are essential in order to offer and to improve the development of our health services. Its an essential step to start any kind of Health Promotion activities, its necessary to understand how the population is functioning before delimitate health messages adapted to the culture of the population and patients. 4. The activities of Health Promotion leave vary from one project to another and will always need to be adapted to the context. 5.The Health Promotion/education activities should be through in priority within our health structures addressing patients & care takers in groups or individually 6. Health Promotion activities potbelly also be make at the co mmunities level with specific objectives To promote our services attract people in our structures and explain our services to communities (promotion of the services for victims of sexual violence in the community, promotion of our inoculation sites, etc) To prevent epidemics spreading when there is an outbreak of cholera, hemorrhagic fever, malaria, measles, etc. e should inform the communities at risk how the distemper is transmitted, how to prevent getting the disease and what to do in case of the contraction of the symptoms To supervise a health situation in some context it can help the project to develop a component of community health worker or home visitant network to perk up health surveillance information (mortality, morbidity, MUAC, vaccination, etc) To ensure access of the vulnerable group to our structures when a population/village/specific group determine is not flood tide to our structure and they are at high risk of specific health problem 7 DISEASE is the definit ion of a health problem by a medical expert, ILLNESS refers to the experience of the problem by the patient and SICKNESS is the social role attached to a health problem by the society at large. 6 3. 3 Roles and indites Ideally, we should calculate different profiles to be in heyday of the HP activities the first flesh should relieve oneself in priority an anthropologist or sociologist who will test the ethnic behaviour of the population followed by a social communicator person who will design a health communication outline.However, this rarely happen and one person is usually in charge of the different steps of the HP activities. 3. 3. 1 Anthropologists role in a project To understand the uncollectible practices of the target group linked to the transmission system of a illness, for example to collect information on the behaviour and the cultural practices of the pop. linked to the spread of HIV/AIDS to get information on cultural burial procedure-linked to Ebola etc To restrict the health seeking behaviour of a target population ? wherefore are the pop not coming to our health services?Where do they go for care? Linking with Traditional healer? Sorcery, Witchcraft? To get a better analyse of cultural barriers in the population wisdom of a health problem by the target group, organisation of the society, power, decision giftr, etc. To analyse the knowledge, attitude and practices on a disease or health problem (KAP survey) To analyse and understand how MSF is perceived in the population But also at the level of the service provider, to analyse and understand the staff attitude towards patients/diseases To study the suppositionion of illness Etc. ? He/she will then apply findings into practical recommendations for the project but also for the development of health messages. The anthropologist is NOT going to solve all your problems in the project he needs to have a clear job description. The field needs to identify what they want to analyse and understand and how it will improve their medical activities. Its essential to be specific. He is part of the medical team up and need constant discussion with the medical team/field coordinator.Its possible to require specifically an anthropologist for several months to undertake a qualitative survey. But frequently, the expatriate health promoter will also have a degree in Anthropology or Sociology (or Social Sciences) its more likely to have one expatriate in charge of everything. Rem For the moment MSF is sending anthropologist too late in the map of the project design it would be useful to use the anthropologists competences at some early phase of the project (explo mission or head start of a new project).In project by choice, the sending of an anthropologist can genuinely provide key information on the context, the population and the link with MSF (in 2008 we have send anthropologist in Niger and Lubutu). 3. 3. 2 Health levyrs role in a project Your health promoter could have a communication or nursing or educational background depending of what is available and which profile is exceed suiting the project.To collect datas about the target population To set up the strategies for the HP activities according to the objectives of the project To recruit (if not yet make) and mastermind/coach a team of national health promoter To define the priorities of the health messages according to the risk practices and the health seeking behaviour analyse To adapt the content of the messages according to the culture & target pop (importance of pre examen the materials) To understand how MSF is perceived in the population 7 To develop (or re-use) communication materials (educational games, pictures, osters) and to choose seize channels of communication To monitor the HP activities (including participation to the Annual Review Operation exercise) To evaluate the understanding of the health messages by the beneficiaries and adapt the content of information He/s he is part of the medical team and need constant discussion with the medical team/field. Because the HP activities should be integrated in the project, the expatriate presence on the field should be seen as a temporary phase in order to leave the activities in the hands of national staffs (when available) who usually know better the cultural behaviour of the target pop. nd have easily access to communities. 4. why is MSF knobbed in Health Promotion? Health Promotion activities are usually linked to disease noise 8 activities. To give information and to coach or educate persons on different health field of study & measures is an essential element to avoid individual getting sick, to recognize precedent symptoms and come to be treated but also to ensure patients following(a) treatment procedures. Health Promotion activities want to ensure preventive behaviour in term of health. saloons level and activities9 Its important to differentiate 4 levels of prevention where MSF actions put in place will be protean but also where the Health Promotion activities will differ. Primordial prevention level zero of prevention Activities aiming at diminish societal vulnerability, big(p) individual risk through contextual treatments. Example of activities= poverty simplification, decreasing stigma & discrimination, HIV awareness for the general public, etc.So it concerns risk reduction of a health problem at population (societal) level and MSF will never intervene at this level of prevention. Primary prevention covers all activities designed to reduce the happening and the transmission of an illness (disease free). Primary prevention methods are used before the person gets the disease. ? decrease of the incidence & prevalence of health problem Example of activities done by MSF= immunisation, improve water supply, family be after services, use of condom, prophylaxis during pregnancy, etc.Secondary prevention activities aimed at the recognition of early signs of dise ase and depend for treatment before it ferment serious. Secondary prevention avoids that infection become illness. ? Reducing the morbidity Example of activities = testing of HIV, medical consultations, treatment, vaccination 8 Disease prevention covers measures not only to prevent the occurrence of disease, such as risk factor reduction, but also to arrest its come along and reduce its consequences once established.Reference adapted from Glossary of Terms used in Health for All serial. WHO, Geneva, 1984 Primary prevention is directed towards preventing the initial occurrence of a disorder. Secondary and tertiary prevention seeks to arrest or turn back existing disease and its effects through early detection and appropriate treatment or to reduce the occurrence of relapses and the establishment of chronic conditions through, for example, powerful rehabilitation. Disease prevention is sometimes used as a complemental term alongside health promotion.Although there is frequent overlap between the content and strategies, disease prevention is defined separately. Disease prevention in this context is considered to be action which usually emanates from the health sector, dealings with individuals and populations identified as exhibiting identifiable risk factors, often associated with different risk behaviours. 9 Disease prevention- definition of WHO For more information on Prevention and MSF, please refer to the doc in annex 1. 8 Tertiary prevention Targets the person who already has symptoms of the isease and it includes behaviours that are involved in treatment & rehabilitation (person is already sick) The goals of tertiary prevention are prevent damage and discommode from the disease slow down the disease prevent the disease from causation other problems give better care to people with the disease make people with the disease healthy again and able to do what they used to do Example of activities treatment, patient education, emotional support et c. ? Reduction of the morbidity, suffering & mortality 9 Risk Population General speculative risk thinking(a) population ? ? Specific High Risk ?Healthy ind. ? Early signs ? Diseases ? Death Infected ind. ? Patients (sick) ? Death/handicap Intervention MSF neer or through partners Polio eradication, HIV awareness, etc Not systematic Prevention activities inoculation, Vector control, HP, Family Planning, etc. Always pledgeive & curative Testing, consultation, treatment, screening, health educational activity, etc. Always Curative & palliative care Emotional support, treatment, patient education etc. Primordial prevention Primary prevention (Incidence & prevalence) Secondary prevention (Morbidity) Tertiary prevention (Morbidity& mortality) Depending of the projects objectives, MSF can be involved with variation at the different levels of prevention. 10 5. Health promotion as a transversal axe Health promotion was set up as a transversal axe into the Operational prospect in 2008 a nd in 2009 Health Promotion is integrated into the Prevention transversal axe. It sum the HP activities should be considered into the different operational fields of intervention but also in the others transversal axes (Women health, nutrition, etc). 5. 1 Health Promotion activities to consider per health problem Some Health promotion activities to consider . psychoanalyse & understand the risky practices change magnitude the transmission of HIV/AIDS amongst the population/community & patients 2. Understand the reasons of not coming for testing, for PMTCT (Health seeking behaviour, Stigma) 3. Measure the knowledge, attitude and perception of HIV/AIDS in target group 4. Promote of the services for families members, children and partners 5. Empowerment of patient (patient education on disease & preventive measure, treatment literacy, support group, PLWHA expert, etc) 6. provide support to adherence in health structure and in the community 7.Ensure HIV services adapted to your targe t group of patients 8. Collaborate with Traditional healer, TBA, 1. Analyse and understand the disease perception (fears and stigma) & knowledge in the pop. 2. Promotion of services for TB families & care givers 3. impart patient education & treatment literacy 4. Support to adherence 5. Train health staff on infection control measure 1. Analyse and understanding the disease knowledge and preventive measure 2. Promote the use of the mosquito nets with patients & communities during the succession 3. Training on recognition of symptoms 4.Promotion of the use of our services 5. Develop the component of malaria volunteers 1. Analyse and understand the disease perception and the risky behaviour in the community increasing the transmission 2. Measure the knowledge, perception & attitudes of the pop. towards the disease 3. riddle information on the preventive & disease control measures to the general population 4. Collaborate with key leaders of the community ? visit of the isolation uni t 5. Educate of the patients and families (and neighbour) in order to decrease fears & stigma of the patients 6.Participate to burials to ensure the prize of the tradition (orientation of the body, traditional beliefs, etc). 10 Health thematic HIV/AIDS Reference documents/books 1. HIV/AIDS OCB Policy 2008 chapter on prevention and empowerment & autonomy of PLWH 2. Patient support in HIV/AIDS drawing MSF OCB 2008 3. videodisk Health Promotion communication materials HIV/AIDS thematic OCB 2007 4. Patient Support for HIV Infected children- 2008 D. Goetghebuer & K. Bosteels TB 1. Adherence strategy for TB treatment- MSF OCB 2008 2. DVD Health Promotion communication materials TB thematic OCB 2007 1.DVD Health Promotion communication materials malaria thematic OCB 2007 Malaria Infectious diseases 1. FVH guideline internationalHealth Promotion & Anthropology chapter 2. Ebola, culture & politics the Anthropology of an Emerging disease10 3. Cholera Health Promotion technological briefs 4. DVD Health Promotion communication materials cholera, Ebola, Rift vale fever, OCB 2007 Ebola, culture & politics the Anthropology of an Emerging disease, Barry S Hewlett and BonnieL. Hewlett 11 Some Health promotion activities to consider 1.Analyze and understanding the cultural barriers of the use of the services or understanding the reasons of delivering at home or the KAP on FGM, etc. 2. Promotion of services (ANC, FP, PMTCT, delivery, abortion, sexual violence). 3. Integrated health education for mothers on different reproductive health subject 4. Home visitors to refer ANC visit, follow up of sexual violence 5. coaction with TBA information on dangers of deliveries and referral of complicated cases 6. Collaboration with women groups 1. Analyse of the perception of the malnutrition in the pop 2. spirit cultural practices or beliefs increasing malnutrition of children 3. Analyse the cultural factors in a famine context 4. nutritionary education to mothers develop peer mothers + appetite test 5. Nutritional education to men 6. defaulter tracing support- community support 1. Analyse of the perception of mental health problem in the community 2. Promotion of mental health services 3. De-stigmatization of mental health problems 1. Analyse and understand the concept of violence in the context (cultural versus contextual violence, definition of violence, cultural profile of victims, etc). . Promotion of the services 3. Working with key actors in the community 1. Understanding of the concept of vaccination, fears & taboos about vaccines. 2. Promotion of importance of the EPI 3. Promotion of day of the vaccination campaign, site of vaccination, type of vaccines, etc Health thematic Women health Reference documents 1. DVD Health Promotion communication materials Women Health OCB 2007 Nutrition 1. Anthropological report from Niger- Lieselotte 2008 2. DVD Health Promotion communication materials OCB 2007 Mental Health emphasis 1.Mental Health Pol icy OCB 2008 Link with Brazil Medical Unit Vaccination Niger 2008 Tanganika 2008 12 5. 2 Minimum package of Health Promotion activities There are minimum Health Promotion activities to be integrated in all projects Analysing of the disease/illness perception and knowledge of the target population Promotion of MSF health services (usually at the beginning of the project or when new health activities is being developed) Health education/patient education/treatment literacy in order to ensure that patients understand the symptoms, how to prevent & how to treat his disease . 3 Health Promotion within Operational case of intervention Field of intervention I Assistance to population in violent setting Particularities for this operational field of intervention are The Health Promotion activities are done primary to get closer to the community, to get information on the context, the population but also on their security, on the living condition and on the access to health care. Health P romotion activities in this field are oriented towards allurement of information, investigation and promotion of our services.Several experiences11 have shown good results in developing a home visitors network they seem key persons to get closer to your community and gain trust. Usual HP activities done at the community level with home visitors or community health worker are collection of data (mortality, birth, morbidity, on specific thematic such violence or sexual violence) at household level, defaulter tracing activities (nutritional or others program), promotion of MSF services and health information on a specific disease (ex. malaria explanation because malaria season).In some context, there is a need to extend these communities activities unless and push for a move of the civil society in the non word sense of the problem (Similela and Seruka- sexual violence projects). HP activities in the medical groundwork = health education on different health topic done by the medica l staff or health educators Field of intervention II Extreme health gap Particularities for this operational field of intervention are Health Promotion activities and anthropological components should be more often considered.In post conflict, under served general pop & exclusion there is space and time to gather key information about the population and their health seeking behaviour and it would help to develop the medical strategy of the project. Key activities to consider -Analyse of the risky behaviour & needs of population in term of health & analyse of Health Seeking Behaviour -Look for the correlation needs of pop & offering of medical services -Promotion of MSF services -Health education in medical infrastructures -Consider the possibility to develop some HP activities in the communities to increase patient/individuals empowerment 1 In refugee camps, we often develop network of home visitors. Since 07 In Darfur, we launched several network of HV in city the capitalisation o f the network in Kebkabya will be done in 2009. 13 Field of intervention III Epidemics and endemics See parry with health thematic p. 11 & 12 Particularities Health Promotion activities should be integrated in every disease Field of intervention IV Assistance for victims of natural catastrophes Particularities are the Health Promotion activities are usually integrated into Watsan activities (Hygiene promotion) or linked with mental health activities.The concept of home visit is very important to reinforce link with population. 14 6. Some definitions Health education12 comprises consciously constructed opportunities for learning involving some form of communication designed to improve health literacy, including improving knowledge, and developing life skills which are causative to individual and community health. Reference modified definition- WHO Health education is not only concerned with the communication of information, but also with fostering the motivation, skills and assert ion (self-efficacy) necessary to take action to improve health.Health education includes the communication of information concerning the underlying social, economic and environmental conditions impacting on health, as well as individual risk factors and risk behaviours, and use of the health care system. Thus, health education may involve the communication of information, and development of skills which demonstrates the political feasibleness and presidential termal possibilities of various forms of action to address social, economic and environmental determinants of health.Patient education13 The patient education is a process, integrated in the process of care, including a series of activities organized awareness, information, learning and psychological and social assistance on the disease, treatment, care, organization and hospital procedures, health behaviours and those associated with the disease, to help the patient (and his family) to understand the disease and treatment, ca re work, take charge of his state health and foster a hap to normal activitiesPatient support 14 The component of Patient Support covers all the activities aiming at supporting the patient in front of his disease and his treatment, beyond the purely medical aspects of care. The patient support is a continuum of progressive, individualize or peer-supported activities addressed to the patient, and going on all along the program. Rem for the moment within MSF, we are using the component of Patient support for HIV and TB.Main objectives for all HIV patients are To understand and accept his HIV status or disease 12 13 From Health Promotion glossary DECCACHE A. et LAVENDHOMME E. , Information et Education du Patient des fondements aux methodes, De Boeck Universite, Bruxelles, 1989, p. 45 14 For more info, refer to the draft Patient Support document for HIV/AIDS written by B. Laumont & G. Loots in the OCB. 15 To recognize the consequences of the disease in his everyday life To adapt h is behaviour (way of living) To be involved in and adhere to his treatment To achieve all these objectives, the patients have to go through 3 complementary processes 1- Educative process ? Patient Education This is about the patient understanding the infection and the evolution of the disease the transmission of the disease the risky behaviours to avoid the treatment This includes the following activities Health Education, Health talks, Treatment Literacy 2- Process of emotional adaptation?Emotional Support This is about the patient dealing with the loss of his self-image and the loss of the good health dealing with the stress caused by the evolution of the disease, the perspective of death, the uncertainty of the future and the reduction of capacities dealing with the relational changes with his close relationships and occupational environment dealing with the improvements and the changes brought by the treatment This includes the following activities counselling (individu al & group), support groups 3- Process of adaptation to socio-economic consequences?Social Support This is about helping the patient to solve his social problems in order to improve his good adherence to treatment risks of precariousness monetary resources, incapacity, loss of employment risks of isolation, stigmatisation by family and community This includes the following activities social consultation, home visits, networking, etc The Patient Support can be provided through 4 different types of activities Individual sessions individual counselling (pre-test, post-test, follow-up, adherence, etc), social consultation multitude sessions Health Talks, Educational talks, ART preparation sessions, Support Group, etc Group activities bearing and creative activities, party, celebration, excursion, etc Community and Family level actions Home visits, Home Based Care, Defaulter prevention, Defaulter tracing, Community activities, etc Empowerment for health15 In health promotion, e mpowerment is a process through which people gain great control over decisions and actions affecting their health. A distinction is made between individual and community empowerment. Individual empowerment refers primarily to the individuals ability to make decisions and have control over their personal life.Community empowerment involves individuals acting collectively to gain greater influence and control over the determinants of health and the quality of life in their community, and is an important goal in community action for health. 15 From Health Promotion glossary 16 7. Bibliography Anthropologues et ONG des liaisons fructueuses? Humanitaire Hors Serie Numero 4Automne/hiver 2007 editer par Medecins du Monde Communicating Health- an action guide to health education and health promotion John Hubley- 2004 utilize Health Research, Anthropology P. Boonmongkon, P. Streefland, M. L. Tan, etc. Health Promotion glossary WHO CDC, Prevention Education pour la sante, concepts, enjeux, planifications, Jacques A. Bury Information et education du patient, des fondements aux methodes , A. Deccache et E. Lavendhomme of Health and

Lotus Rental Car Assessment Essay

INTRODUCTIONAdding cream enkindle vehicles to the fleet is essential to our environment, beneficial for our consumers, and likelyly highly doughable for genus Lotus renting automobile. With the everlasting subjoin in supply, the consumer is looking for pick shipway to save money on render and at the same sentence be conscious about the blackball impact that fuel and diesel motor motor absorb in our environment.Alternative fuel vehicles have never been much than popular in the U.S. and be becoming a major ejaculate for public trans behavioration. Our community has become better about the damaging forcefulness in which gas and diesel vehicles have been causing our environment. These vehicles be more environmentally friendly and are typically more cost-effective to produce. Therefore, it has a great financial impact to the common family. Alternative fuel vehicles stinkpot help our consumers save money on gas while concurrently impacting our environment in a p ositive and healthy way.If Lotus renting machine is aggressive and proactive in the purchase of election fuel vehicles, it go forth become the archetypical major rental railcar guild to lead a successful path to the future. Lotus Rental Car go forth become the model company of the raw(a) rental car era. We ordain decrease expenses, expand the variety of a brand-new guest base, amplify tax r thus farues through the new continuous revenue stream and sponsors. As a result of your new and wise investment, our companys securities labor shares and profits entrust soar to a new company and industry records.A new division to our securities industrying de departmentment impart be accomplished to help promote the importance of renting from Lotus Rental Car. The marketing department will incorporate the benefit to our environment a considerable with the potential savings to our consumers. The brand new marketing campaign and dodging will help promote our new vision. The alternative fuel market has few competitors, therefore, giving us the hazard to add new customers to our company. We will be the first modern company to benefit from this rare opportunity to dramatically increase our revenue flow.ENVIRONMENTIt does not take long to notice alternative fuel vehicles on the road everywhere you go. These eccentric person of vehicles are becoming the new trend in instantlys evolving automotive industry. As a community and consumer, we are more educated on how we directly impact our environment, both in a prejudicious and positive way.Our federal g overnment activity has developed agencies and passed federal acts to ensure we topical anaesthetic anaestheticize the harm we do to our environment. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was established in 1970 and viewed as a necessary part of our federal government to help reduce our nations rising send out taint. concord to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Tran sportation source emit greenhouse gases that contribute to climate changeIn 2011, pane represented nigh 27 percent of total U.S. GHG emissions (Transportation, 2011). In other words, we will have a signifi evictt impact in reducing the greenhouse gases being emitted into our atmosphere.The EPA has been credited with signifi dejectiontly improving our air quality. In 1997, the uninfected Air flake was passed to control and reduce ozone pollution. The blame Air Act is essentially a fuel control measure to assist our local states in helping reduce our ozone pollution. Alternative fuel is importantly unspotted than conventional gasoline and provides significant reductions of certain compounds that contribute to air pollution and ozone pollution. consort to Aaron Windecker and Adam Ruder (2013), Emissions were reduced by adopting alternative fuel vehicles (p.40). Their search concluded that alternativefuel vehicles that were added to vehicle fleets had reduced emission that har m our environment.In todays new automotive industry, we can exit how these measures have greatly impacted our communities and businesses. Al nearly all major ports are transitioning to alternative fuel vehicles. In the Long B individually and Los Angeles Ports, traditional diesel semi-trucks are no long-lived allowed access. In 2008, the Los Angeles Port established the Clean Truck Program to assist the Clean Air Act. This program targeted major sources of air emissions and incorporated a ban on polluting trucks. All pre-1989 trucks were criminalize from entering the port. question conducted by the Clean Air Act showed that In its first year, the program reduced the rate of port truck emissions by an estimated 70 percent, and when fully implemented in 2012, the emissions were reduced by 80 percent (Portoflosangeles.org, 2014). This is just a small example of how one port can positively impact the environment. A comparable impact can be accomplished here at Lotus Rental Car. By al tering our fleet to provide more alternative fuel vehicles to our consumers, we will be contributing to our environment by improving our current air quality, ozone layer and reducing toxic air pollutants.Transportation agencies are alike transitioning to alternative fuel vehicles. Buses being operated by diesel and gas are being bodd out and being replaced with environmentally friendly fueled vehicles. Our local cities are purchasing alternative fuel vehicles and are incorporating them into their general use, such as for police detectives and forensic units. There is not a negative impact to our environment if we change our fleet to be more versatile and environmentally friendly.CONSUMERIn todays changing market, traditional fuel sourced vehicles such as gasoline and diesel are no longer fulfilling the needs of every customer. Vehicles and the fuel it takes to power them, are an essential part of our American infrastructure and economy, moving people and goods across the country (Department of Energy, p. 1, 2014, October). Expanding ourmarket-share in the leasing of vehicles will require a more diversified lineup.We want our customers to earn that at Lotus, we are not thinking just about profit for our company Lotus is in any case concerned with the moral values of each customer. Once we introduce our new fleet of vehicles which will include an alternative fuel source vehicle, we will be ahead of our competitors, and our growth will occur as projected. Doing our best to provide a full cream of rental cars including alternate fuel source vehicles will satisfy and experience the demands of todays consumer.As the technology improves, more people are becoming aware of how traditional fuels, such as gasoline and diesel fuel harm the environment. Todays consumers are concerned with these counterproductive effects, and wish to do something positive about it. Alternative energy sources and technologies can play a vital role in lowering or eliminating our reli ance on fossil fuels (Kouroussis, D., & Karimi, S. 2006, August p 346). By providing alternative fuel vehicles, we are allowing our environmentally conscious consumers a means of transportation in which they save money in fuel cost and reduces the circularise of air pollution. Those consumers will generate more business for us by sharing their rental experiences with both their colleagues and family. Everyone wants a healthy environment for the future generations.Traditionally fueled vehicles will no longer make up the majority of all vehicles being currently rented and operated today. Yes, technology is changing daily, and scientists that clobber for the U.S. government are still developing ways to both increase fuel efficiently and reduce harmful emissions. However, we do not live when the next breakthrough in technology will become operable to the market Lotus needs to utilize the current technology today. The try of incorporating alternative fuel source vehicles is one whic h Lotus needs to consider. permit us be the first rental company that offers a wider selection of vehicles by including the alternative fuel vehicles. This action will give our environmental conscious consumers a better feeling of spending their money with a company that aligns with their morals. Traditional fuel sources such as gasoline and diesel fuel may be a thing of the past, let us move forward into the future today.COSTThe initial cost of adding alternative fuel vehicles to the Lotus Rental Car fleet would be substantive. Generating revenue through selling additional shares on the stock market could have a negative effect if we do not show a profit after the first quarter in which we introduce a new fleet. There is scarcely one other car rental agency that rents alternative fuel vehicles, which means we would have minimal aspiration in the industry. The United States currently has about 250,000 natural gas vehicles on the road today (Cngnow.com, 2014). Within the next ten years, that add together is evaluate to increase by more than 200 percent. not only do consumers want to buy eco-friendly cars, but they also want to rent them. Our proposed magnification shows this is the best time to invest in the alternative fuel industry. Research tells us there is a gigantic market, and we would expect to see a substantial profit from our investments.Adding new alternative fuel cars to our fleet will increase our customer percentage. Our new customer growth is expected to increase by 30 percent. Traditionally, more than half of new customers become long-run loyal customers. There is already a need to replace a large percentage of aging Lotus Rental Cars. This would be a great opportunity to retire some of the aging vehicles and implement the new alternative fuel vehicles to our new fleet. Replacing older vehicles as they phase out would cut cost while adapting to a more eco-friendly consumer service. some three-quarters of drivers would consider an alter native fuel vehicle for their next car (Consumersunion.org, 2012).We cerebrate renting is no different than buying. A fleet of twelve new vehicles per lot would cost Lotus Rental Car Company near $420,000. After one year, we would have all the cars paid off, therefore, a large portion of the rental fees would be primarily profitable revenue. It truly is a great long term investment in the company where the potential growth could exceed previous rental car records. After the first quarter with our new fleet, there could be a potential of a 100 percent growth rate by the end of the year. By gaining a competitive edge on the fact that we are the only company in our region to offer this service, it appears the pros significantly outweigh the cons.According to Natural Gas Vehicles for America, Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) currently costs approximately $2.13 per gallon compared with approximately $3.90 for gasoline (Keys, 2012, p.1). As being significantly more cost effective per gallon , CNG vehicles also go farther distances per gallon, which is even more of an incentive to consumers that have to fill up their rental car. Not only are you saving the environment but you are also saving the money in your consumers wallet. By not place in natural gas vehicles, we would lose out on substantial tax credits in which the government is currently offering. If we switch over by December 31, we will save 25 percent on the total purchase price per vehicle. By all of these pros outweighing the cons, there is no reason we should not already have bought these natural gas vehicles. shuttingIf Lotus Rental Car transitioned towards purchasing a large number of alternative fuel vehicles, it would lead the rental car industry in the largest transition of this industrys history. Consumers and sponsors would view Lotus Rental Car as environmentally friendly and the new leader in the industry. Our polish is that Lotus Rental Car will become one of the most profitable businesses while being environmentally and consumer friendly. There are no glaring drawbacks to our valuable environment, and both the consumer and our company can benefit from the savings. permit Lotus Rental Car make the successful investment today to modernize and lead the automotive industry towards alternative fuel vehicles.REFERENCESconsumersunion.org. (2012). Retrieved from https//consumersunion.org/ intelligence/consumer- reports-survey-americans-say-fuel-economy-most-important-car-buying-factor/cngnow.com. (2014). Retrieved from http//www.cngnow.com/vehicles/consumer- vehicles/Pages/information.aspxDepartment of Energy, (2014, October). _Vehicles_. Retrieved from http//energy.gov/public-services/vehiclesepa.gov. (2011). Retrieved from http//www.epa.govKeys, R. (2012). Southwestern energy touts CNG. Arkansas Business, 29(20), 20. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/1019740298?accountid=458Kouroussis, D., & Karimi, S. (2006, August). Alternative Fuels in Transportation. _Bullet in of Science, technology & Society, 26_(02770), 346-355. Retrieved from http//bst.sagepub.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/content/26/4/346portoflosangeles.org. (2014). Retrieved from http//portoflosangeles.orgWindecker, A., & Ruder, A. (2013, August). Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment, _23_, 34-40.